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city profile: quito
Ecuador´s Nationally Determined Contributions: Ecuador intends to reduce its energy related GHG emissions in 20-25% by 2025 relative to the emissions of 2011. With the support of the international community Ecuador estimates a reduction of up to 45,8%. Population: 16,7 millions (2018) Urban population growth: 2,3% between 2001 and 2010 (last census); 1,9% (estimate 2010-2020). Next census will be carried out in 2020 GDP: 98.613,97 million USD (2016) Total Area: 256.370 km2 Quito, the capital of Ecuador, has a population of 2.7 million inhabitants. In 2011, it generated 5,164,946 tCO2-eq, which per capita represent 2.55 tCO2-eq. Quito aims at reducing its ecological footprint in 5% every year, starting in 2019. Quito has very good indicators in terms of service provision and coverage, but it is just starting to introduce environmental-friendly practices in their collection and management. Energy: 50% of the energy comes from renewable sources, mainly hydropower. The other 50% is generated by thermoelectric plants. At present, the Municipality of Quito is implementing a series of projects to improve the energy efficiency and the share of renewable energy in Quito’s energy matrix. Some of them are the implementation of LED public lighting in the Historic Centre of Quito, photovoltaic infrastructure for isolated homes in rural areas, and new regulations to promote energy efficiency in buildings. Transport: Public transport in Quito accounts for 62% of the total trips. Quito possesses a comprehensive public transportation system that consists of 5 BRT lines, their corresponding feeder buses, and conventional buses. This system has already reached capacity. Thus, the municipality decided to build the first subway line, which is supposed to start operations in 2019. Furthermore, the municipality aims at replacing the fossil-fuelled BRT fleet with electric buses. A transit-oriented development strategy and control of the urban expansion still need to be implemented to have higher social and environmental returns from the high investments in public transport. Waste: Quito generates 1,900t of solid waste every day. A high share of it is taken to a landfill in the outskirts of the city, where the solid waste is turned into energy, generating 5 MW per day. This represents an emission reduction of 100,000 tCO2-eqper year. Moreover, the Municipality of Quito is currently building a wastewater treatment plant, which will not only help to clean up the rivers, but it will also generate 40 MW of hydropower. This project will contribute to an emission reduction of 150,000 tCO2-eqper year |
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E-learning programme builds on the toolbox and factsheets and aims to provide a better understanding of possible actions, highlighting the experiences from the implementation of measures in other cities building on the wealth of knowledge of international experts.
The current training course on Eco Districts aims to provide an overview of the concept of EcoDistrict and explore the various global practices in conceptualising and implementing EcoDistricts in cities. The course will introduce to the participants the various stakeholders that need to be involved in conceptualising and implementing Eco Districts. |
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capacity building
The Urban Pathways Conference took place from 16 to 20 October in Berlin, Germany, with the objective to discuss concrete low-carbon energy, mobility and waste-management solutions to deliver on the New Urban Agenda. This event showcased activities of cities working together on sustainable urban development and helped taking this further into a joint program of action.
120 urban practitioners, neighbourhood leaders and city officials from the city of Quito participated in our first Webinar about EcoDistricts in the context of the EcoDistricts Design Contest launched by the Metropolitan Institute of Urban Planning (IMPU by ist Spanish acronym) (@IMPUQuito). The webinar focused on the importance of accessibility, mobility and public space in the design of EcoDistricts, as well as the stakeholder engagement needed for its implementation. Thank you to Marcela Guerrero, Diego Hurtado, Galo Cárdenas and María Rosa Muñoz for sharing their expertise with us.
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City-to-city partnerships
The partner cities will be supported by exchanging ideas with their peers in other cities who have developed successful urban mobility, energy and resource management solutions. This will focus on the story behind the success on governance, finance and regulatory issues.
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regional replication
Implementation is the main focus of the project. As result of the structured process of the project we will identify feasible urban energy, mobility and resources management options in our partner cities. We work closely with development bank partners and financing sources, such as the Green Climate Fund towards assessments of the feasibility of concrete implementation projects.
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In its Intended National Determined Contributions, Ecuador commits to reduce by 2025 its emissions in the energy sector in 20,4% - 25% below the 2011 levels. The government states that with the proper availability of resources and support from the international community, Ecuador could reduce its emissions in the sector in up to 45,8% (Ecuadorian Government, 2015). According to the National GHG Inventory, in 2012 Ecuador produced 80.627 Gg CO2-eq, representing only 0,15% globally. Latin America generates 11% of the total GHG emissions. The sources of GHG emissions in Ecuador are, in order of importance, the energy sector (47%), Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) (25%), agriculture (18%), industry (5%) and waste (4%) (MAE, 2017). The energy sector produced 37.594,03 GgCO2-eq in 2012, which accounts for 47% of national emissions. Between 1994 and 2012 the GHG emissions of this sector increased in 151%. Transport is the most pollutant subsector with 46% of the sector emissions and 21% of national emissions. It is followed by the energy industry with 32% (MAE, 2017). Transport: The transport generated 16.977,02 GgCO2-eq in 2012 with an increase of 123% in relation to 1994. 86% of the energy is used by terrestrial transport, which runs mostly on fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). Almost 2 million vehicles were registered in 2015, which in comparison to 2010 represents an increase of 57%. 28% of the registered vehicles are older than 12 years (INEC, 2016). Energy: The electricity generation emitted 12.032,44 GgCO2-eq in 2012. In 2015 26.462 GWh of electricity were produced, from which 52% came from renewable sources, mainly from hydroelectric power plants, and the rest from thermoelectric power. The contribution of other renewable sources was very low with approximately 2%, from which the majority comes from biomass (MAE, 2017). However, the studies conducted by the national government to assess the generation potential of different renewable sources show that the solar energy potential in Ecuador is 911 MW and only 1MW is being produced, wind power potential is 884 MW, from which only 2,1% is being used and geothermal energy has a potential of 952 MW, which has not been exploited at all (MAE, UNDP, & FOCAM, 2015). Waste management: The waste sector produced 3.377,83 GgCO2-eq in 2012, which accounts for 4% of national emissions. More than 80% of which comes from solid waste. Between 1994 and 2012 the GHG emissions of the waste sector increased in 136%. 12.450 tonnes of solid waste were generated every day in 2016, from which 61% was organic waste, 11% plastic, 9% paper and 2,6% glass. Solid waste management in Ecuador is a competence of the municipal authorities. 125 out of 221 municipalities (57%) dispose their solid waste in open-air land-fills, being responsible for the pollution of air, soil and water, as well as for the health problems of the population and in particular of informal waste pickers. 
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policy development
Policy measures at the local and national level can be critical to the transformation of urban energy, mobility and resource sectors, for example they regulate systems, provide technological standards, generate funding, impose taxes and set policy objectives. As part of the cooperation with the partner cities, Urban Pathways provides on-demand policy advice. |
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project development
One of the core objectives is the development and implementation of projects that help decarbonising urban energy, mobility and resource sectors. The projects concepts that are considered to be viable will be later developed into bankable projects for which funding will be sought. |
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funding solutions
KfW is one of the world’s leading promotional banks. It is committed to improving economic, social and ecological living conditions all around the world on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany and the federal states. Its global network includes around 80 local and representative offices in the partner countries (see figure 1). KfW promotes and supports programmes and projects that mainly involve state actors in developing and emerging economies – from their conception and execution to monitoring their success1. Initially, agreements between partner countries and German federal government are made for KfW programmes and projects. KfW supports and advises its partner countries throughout the entire project cycle, from preparation and execution to long after the start of operations. Local partners are responsible for preparing and executing projects. KfW also takes responsibility for systematic quality assurance/evaluation of the project.
CAF is a development bank created in 1970, owned by 19 countries - 17 of Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal- as well as 13 private banks in the region. It promotes a sustainable development model through credit operations, non-reimbursable resources, and support in the technical and financial structuring of projects in the public and private sectors of the shareholder countries of Latin America.
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implementation facility
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action plans
The Action Plans summarise key on-going initiatives and identify opportunities for further action with a focus on cross-sectoral synergies and policy interactions between the local and national level. |
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bankable projects
Urban Pathways develops scalable pilot projects in cooperation with the partner cities at a neighbourhood level with an aim to provide a proof of concept of urban energy, mobility and waste management solutions. Based on the pilot project demonstrators, larger-scale projects will be developed to utilise the CO2mitigation potential of an integrated urban energy, mobility and resource management approach and seize the opportunities for contributions the Sustainable Development Goals. This will be done in close cooperation with finance partners and will be geared towards the Green Climate Fund, the Global Environment Facility and similar sources of funding and financing. |
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implementation support
The Urban Pathways team actively support partner cities in the implementation of urban energy, mobility and waste management solutions. This support includes activities jointly initiative under this project and other relevant actions currently on-going in the partner cities. |
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About Urban Pathways
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